In this regard, individual differences in autism characteristics, including immune alterations, might serve as biomarkers for a personalized treatment approach.Īkanksha Saxena, Maria Chahrour, in Genomic and Precision Medicine (Third Edition), 2017 AbstractĪutism spectrum disorder (ASD), one of the most genetically heterogeneous neuropsychiatric disorders, exhibits rare de novo and inherited variants in over 700 genes. The challenge for the future will be to identify more stable immune profiles that are uniquely present in autism, and might contribute to a better understanding of its etiology. There are presently appreciable data that acknowledge the presence of significant deviations in immunity in ASD individuals. In addition, gastrointestinal immune perturbations, which may arise from the prominent gastrointestinal distress reported by ASD individuals, might be related to ASD, possibly being influenced by microbiota. The possibility exists that autism is influenced by autoimmune factors and abnormalities in cytokine production both systemically and in the brain. There has been a growing interest in the immunological aspects of ASD, which encompass familial, maternal, and intraindividual factors. Alexander Kusnecov, in The Immune System and Mental Health, 2018 AbstractĪutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder associated with a range of genetic, pathophysiological, and environmental conditions.
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